Frankincense resin in an export sack in the Somali highlands

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Bari · Sanaag · Sool

Where the resin comes from, and who it comes from.

Cal Madow · Golis·700–2,100 m·Two tapping windows·120+ families
I

The escarpment

The Cal Madow range runs east from the Golis along the Gulf of Aden, a wall of weathered limestone that catches what little moisture the monsoon carries inland. It is the only place on earth where Boswellia frereana grows. The trees hold to bare rock at 700 to 2,100 metres, unirrigated, many of them older than the states that have come and gone beneath them.

The range crosses three administrative regions. Boswellia frereana — our Maydi — comes off the Bari side; B. carterii — our Beeyo — off the Sanaag side of the same escarpment. When a sack label reads Cal Madow it names the range; when a product page reads Sanaag it names the region. They are the same ground described at two levels.

Below the frankincense line, in the hotter thorn scrub of Sool, Commiphora myrrha takes over. Two species, two altitudes, two different sets of hands — which is why we grade them separately and refuse to sell them on a single commodity scale.

Backlit Somali frankincense tears showing translucency
Plate 04 — Wild-collected resin, highlands of northern Somalia
Resin curing after tapping in the Somali highlands
II

The incision

Cured frankincense tears scooped from an origin lot
Plate 05 — Cured tears before cleaning

Tapping is done with the mingaaf, a short curved blade used here for as long as anyone has kept records. The cut is shallow: bark is lifted, never stripped, so the wound closes within the season. No tree in our collection areas is tapped more than twice a year, and stands are rested between seasons.

Sap exudes and hardens on the bark for two to three weeks. The finest tears cure on the tree rather than on the ground — cleaner, drier, and free of the grit that downgrades a lot before it ever reaches a sorting table. That is the material we buy, and we buy it before it is blended down.

Tapping windowDrying & consolidation
III

Cleaning, sorting, packing

Lots come down to Bosaso from several collection areas. They are shade-dried for four to eight weeks until moisture falls below specification, then cleaned of bark and grit and hand-sorted by size, colour and clarity against the written standard for that species.

Siftings are separated out and sold as siftings. They are never blended back into a higher grade — the single most common way a resin lot is quietly degraded between origin and Europe.

Packing is food-grade PE liner inside woven PP or jute, heat-sealed, lot-labelled with species, grade, net weight, harvest window and traceability code, then palletised for the container.

Horn Resins branded export carton, established 1986, in the Bosaso warehouse
Plate 06 — Export packaging and palletised presentation
From tree to port: tapping, drying, sorting, grading, packing and export
Plate 07 — From tree to port: the seven documented steps
Horn Resins traceability label sewn to a jute sack, showing Boswellia carterii, Grade A Premium, lot BC-A-2405-0187, harvest window April to June 2024, 25 kg net and origin Cal Madow, Somalia, with a QR traceability code

Lot BC-A-2405-0187

Every sack carries its own paperwork

Traceability is not a promise on a website — it is a label a warehouse operative can read and a buyer can photograph on arrival. Species, grade, lot number, harvest window, net weight and origin are printed on every sack before it leaves Bosaso, alongside a code that resolves to the same lot dossier we hold.

SpeciesBoswellia carterii
GradeA Premium
Lot no.BC-A-2405-0187
Harvest windowApr – Jun 2024
Net weight25 kg
OriginCal Madow, Somalia
Traceability codeHR24050187

Cal Madow is the limestone mountain range that runs along the northern coast; Sanaag and Bari are the administrative regions it crosses. This carterii lot was collected on the Sanaag side of that range, which is why the label reads Cal Madow and the product page reads Cal Madow range, Sanaag. They describe the same place at two levels of precision.

Field values photographed from a shipped lot. The same reference appears on the commercial invoice, the packing list and the certificate of origin.

IV

One number, five records

Traceability is not a claim on a website; it is a filing convention. A single lot number is assigned at intake and is the only thing that connects the collection area, the grading record, the photographs and the shipping documents. If any one of them cannot be produced, the lot does not ship.

HR-26-•••Collection area

Named area, GPS-referenced, with the harvesting team recorded.

···-MYD-•••Species & window

Species and tapping window fixed at intake — never merged later.

···-•••-0142Grading record

Sorter, date, grade and non-resin content on the lot sheet.

+ photographsVisual record

Six frames under standard lighting, filed against the lot.

+ documentsShipment

The same number appears on invoice, packing list and certificate of origin.

Scroll sideways to follow the chain

V

The people who cut the trees

Seasonal contracts

More than 120 harvesting families work under direct seasonal contract rather than through intermediaries, which is what makes the collection area on the lot sheet a real place rather than a guess.

Tree care

Shallow tapping with the traditional blade, a maximum of two tappings a year, and rested stands between seasons. Tapping practice is managed by our own teams, not delegated.

No third-party certification is represented here beyond what is specifically identified in the relevant lot dossier and confirmed during quotation.

Ask us where a lot came from.

Give us a lot number and we will show you the collection area, the harvest window, the grading record and the photographs.

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